'S'/I.'T 

. \ 


Sanitary  Survey 

for 

Schools 

And  Diagnostic  Table 


School 

Room 

T eacher_ 

Date_^ 

Whitaker  & Ray-Wiggin  Co* 

San  Francisco 


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I 


Contagious  Diseases  and  School  Sanitation  69 

Sanitation  of  Schools. 

The  subject  of  School  Sanitation  is  far  too  compre- 
hensive to  treat  at  all  completely  in  a book  of  the  scope 
of  this  one ; moreover,  there  already  exists  a number  of 
excellent  works  on  this  subject  which  are  accessible  for 
teachers.  For  this  reason  only  some  general  features 
of  School  Sanitation  will  be  presented  and  more  es- 
pecially those  which  ought  to  come  rather  directly 
under  the  observation  and  control  of  the  teacher  than 
of  the  sanitary  officer.  The  whole  subject  from  the 
teacher’s  point  of  view  may  be  profitably  presented  in 
the  form  of  a “Sanitary  Survey.”  Such  a survey  ought 
to  be  intelligently  undertaken  by  every  conscientious 
and  efficient  teacher  in  a public  school.  The  questions 
under  I (A)  should  be  answered  by  teachers,  the  re- 
mainder by  the  Principal. 

Sanitary  Survey  of  a School. 1 

I.  BUILDING. 


A.  School  Room. 

Yes 

No 

1. 

Is  damp  sweeping  practiced? 

2. 

Is  a moist  cloth  used  for  wiping  up  dust? 

3. 

Has  the  feather  duster  been  abolished? 

4. 

Is  any  disinfectant  used  upon  the  floors? 

' 

5. 

Are  the  desks  cleaned  with  a disinfectant? 

6. 

Are  the  school  books  disinfected  when 
necessary? 

7. 

Is  the  common  use  of  articles  which  might 
carry  infection  avoided? 

1 Use  a check  to  answer  the  questions. 


I 


In  response  to  a demand  for  class  work  these  pages  have  been  reprinted^ 
without  revision,  from  ^*The  Health  Index  of  Children/^ 
by  Dr.  Ernest  Bryant  Hoag. 


Copyright,  1910 
Whitaker  & Ray-Wiggin  Co. 


7FIA  h 


H ^ ^ 

Contagious  Diseases  and  School  Sanitation  69 

Sanitation  of  Schools. 

The  subject  of  School  Sanitation  is  far  too  compre- 
hensive to  treat  at  all  completely  in  a book  of  the  scope 
of  this  one ; moreover,  there  already  exists  a number  of 
excellent  works  on  this  subject  which  are  accessible  for 
teachers.  For  this  reason  only  some  general  features 
of  School  Sanitation  will  be  presented  and  more  es- 
pecially those  which  ought  to  come  rather  directly 
under  the  observation  and  control  of  the  teacher  than 
of  the  sanitary  officer.  The  whole  subject  from  the 
teacher's  point  of  view  may  be  profitably  presented  in 
the  form  of  a “Sanitary  Survey.”  Such  a survey  ought 
to  be  intelligently  undertaken  by  every  conscientious 
and  efficient  teacher  in  a public  school.  The  questions 
under  I (A)  should  be  answered  by  teachers,  the  re- 
mainder by  the  Principal. 


Sanitary  Survey  of  a School. 1 

I.  BUILDING. 

A.  School  Room.  Yes  No 


-_Q_  1.  Is  damp  sweeping  practiced? 

' 

^ 2.  Is  a moist  cloth  used  for  wiping  up  dust? 

l-i 

3.  Has  the  feather  duster  been  abolished? 

^ 4.  Is  any  disinfectant  used  upon  the  floors? 

5.  Are  the  desks  cleaned  with  a disinfectant? 

6.  Are  the  school  books  disinfected  when 
necessary? 

7.  Is  the  common  use  of  articles  which  might 
carry  infection  avoided? 

1 Use  a check  to  answer  the  questions. 


p 8’7872 


70 


The  Health  Index  of  Children 


Yes  No 


8.  Has  a list  of  such  articles  been  made  up? 

1 

9.  If  a “Plenum”  or  other  system  of  artificial 
ventilation  is  used  is  it  in  good  working 
Older  ? 

10.  Are  some  of  the  windows  always  thrown 
open  if  the  motor  is  not  in  operation? 

11.  If  an  artificial  system  is  not  used  are  some 
of  the  windows  always  kept  open  both 
from  the  top  and  the  bottom? 

12.  Are  ventilation  boards  fitted  in  under  the 
lower  sash? 

12.  Are  all  the  windows  thrown  open  at  recess? 

14.  Have"  desks  been  re-dressed  within  two 
years? 

15.  If  a stove  is  used  in  the  room  does  it  have  a 
“jacket”  around  it  and  is  there  special 
arrangement  for  ingress  and  discharge 
of  the  air  from  the  room? 

16.  If  a furnace  is  used  does  the  air-box  con- 
nect directly  with  the  outer  air,  and  is 
outer  opening  kept  free  from  dirt,  leaves, 
snow,  etc.? 

17.  Is  some  arrangement  made  to  keep  the  air 
of  the  room  sufficiently  moist? 

18.  Is  the  fresh  air  inlet  removed  from  toilets 
or  other  sources  of  contamination? 

19.  Is  the  room  free  from  unpleasant  odors  at 
all  times? 

20.  Are  dustless  crayons  used? 

21.  Are  green  or  brown  flat  finish  boards  usee 
instead  of  glossy  black? 

22.  Are  erasers  cleaned  thoroughly  every  day 
out  of  doors? 

23.  Are  the  floors  oiled  or  otherwise  treated  tc 
prevent  dust  rising  from  them? 

24.  Is  the  room  temperature  kept  even? 

25.  Is  it  kept  under  70  degrees  and  over  6C 
degrees? 

Contagious  Diseases  and  School  Sanitation  71 


Yes 

No 

23. 

Do  the  windows  have  an  area  equal  at  least 
to  one-fifth  the  fioor  area? 

27. 

Are  the  desks  so  placed  as  never  to  face 
direct  sunlight? 

2S. 

Is  the  room  evenly  lighted? 

29. 

Are  dark  window  shades  avoided? 

30. 

Are  white  shades  avoided? 

31. 

Are  yellow  or  linen  colored  shades  used? 

32. 

Is  the  tinting  of  the  walls  light  enough? 

33. 

Are  neutral  colors  used? 

34. 

Is  the  ceiling  lighter  than  the  walls? 

35. 

Is  over  decoration  avoided? 

36. 

Are  the  seats  adjustable? 

37. 

Are  the  desks  adjustable? 

38. 

Are  they  adjusted? 

39. 

Are  wooden  footstools  provided  where  the 
seats  cannot  be  adjusted? 

40. 

Is  a light,  dry,  clean,  ventilated  room  pro- 
vided for  clothing? 

41. 

Is  over-crowding  of  pupils  avoided? 

42. 

Are  deaf  pupils  seated  near  the  front? 

43. 

Are  pupils  with  defective  vision  seated  near 
the  front? 

44. 

Are  pupils  with  skin  diseases  excluded? 

The  IIeaeth  Index  of  Children 


Yes  No 


45. 

Are  pupils  with  lice  excluded? 

4G. 

Are  contagious  diseases  recognized  early? 

47. 

Is  strict  exclusion  practiced  in  contagious 
diseases? 

48. 

Are  certificates  from  physicians  required 
for  re-admission? 

49. 

Is  successful  vaccination  required? 

50. 

Are  ordinary  physical  defects  looked  for 
and  recognized  easily? 

51. 

Are  parents  notified  of  the  presence  of  de- 
fects? 

52. 

Are  mentally  defective  pupils  excluded? 

53. 

Are  children  with  fits  excluded? 

54. 

Are  children  with  St.  Vitus  Dance  excluded? 

55. 

Is  there  medical  supervision  of  pupils? 

56. 

Is  there  medical  inspection  of  buildings? 

57. 

Are  the  windows  screened? 

B.  Halls. 

1. 

Are  the  halls  clean? 

2. 

Are  floors  properly  prepared  to  keep  them 
free  from  dust? 

3. 

Are  halls  well  lighted? 

4. 

Are  they  well  heated? 

5. 

Is  liquid  soap  provided  in  hall  wash  basins? 

Contagious  Diseases  and  School  Sanitation  73 


Yes 

No 

6. 

Are  sanitary  drinking-  faucets  or  fountains 
provided? 

7. 

Has  the  roller  towel  been  abolished? 

8. 

Has  the  common  drinking  cup  been  abol- 
ished? 

9. 

Are  the  halls  well  ventilated? 

10. 

Are  exits  plentiful  and  unobstructed? 

11. 

Are  stairs  wide  and  straight? 

12. 

Are  the  halls  free  from  obstructions? 

C.  Tke  Basement. 

1. 

Are  the  floors  clean  and  dry? 

2. 

Are  they  of  cement? 

3. 

Are  wash  basins  and  sinks  clean? 

4. 

Are  individual  towels  provided? 

5. 

Are  there  any  shower  baths? 

6. 

Are  toilets  clean  and  well  ventilated? 

7. 

Is  the  plumbing  modern? 

8. 

Is  the  air  wholesome? 

9. 

Are  toilets  well  shut  oft  from  air  intakes? 

10. 

Are  sanitary  faucets  or  fountains  provided? 

11. 

Is  the  ventilation  and  heating  apparatus 
in  order? 

74 


The  Health  Index  of  Children 


Yes  No 


II. 

THE  GROUNDS. 

1. 

Are  the  play-grounds  large  and  adequate 
for  the  number  of  pupils? 

2. 

Are  they  well  drained,  dry  and  even? 

3. 

Is  there  any  play-ground  supervision? 

4. 

Is  play  apparatus  provided? 

5. 

Are  some  open  air  rooms  provided  for  play, 
rest,  lunch,  protection  from  weather, 
and  for  recitations? 

6. 

Are  the  grounds  well  separated  from  un- 
desirable neighbors? 

III.  GENKRAL  SANITATION. 

1. 

Is  a lunch  room  provided  for  teachers? 

o 

Is  one  provided  for  pupils? 

3. 

Do  the  lunch  rooms  have  tables? 

4. 

May  a hot  lunch  be  obtained? 

5. 

Is  there  a pleasant  rest  room  for  teachers 
and  pupils? 

G. 

Is  there  an  “emergency”  outfit  provided? 

7. 

Is  instruction  given  on  how  to  use  such  an 
outfit? 

8. 

Is  practical  hygiene  taught? 

9. 

Is  individual  cleanliness  insisted  upon? 

10. 

Have  the  teachers  been  taught  how  to  de- 
tect ordinary  ph3"sical  defects? 

11. 

Is  practical  dental  hygiene  taught  by  actual 
observation  of  the  teeth? 

Contagious  Diseases  and  School  Sanitation  75 


Yes  No 


12.  Is  there  any  personal  inspection  of  pupils? 

13.  Is  school  credit  given  for  neatness  and 
cleanliness? 

14.  Are  older  pupils  taught  to  make  simple 
sanitary  surveys  of  what  they  see  at 
stores,  shops,  homes,  parks,  dairies,  on 
the  streets,  etc? 

— 

- — 

15.  Is  any  inspection  ever  made  of  pupils’ 
lunches? 

16.  Are  pupils  encouraged  to  inspect  them- 
selves and  their  own  environment  to 
detect  errors? 

IV.  THE  ENVIRONMENT  OF  THE  SCHOOL. 

1.  Is  the  ground  well  drained? 

2.  Are  tin  cans  and  other  receptacles  in  which 
rain  water  might  collect  kept  picked  up? 

3.  Are  other  breeding  places  of  mosquitos  de- 
stroyed? 

4.  Is  garbage  of  all  kinds  properly  destroyed? 

5.  Is  manure  and  other  refuse  hauled  away  as 
fast  as  it  collects? 

6.  Are  family  garbage  cans  kept  covered? 

7.  Is  it  thoroughly  understood  at  your  school 
that  all  refuse  of  the  above  sort  fur- 
nishes breeding  places  for  flies? 

8.  Is  the  air  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  school 
clean  and  free  from  an  excess  of  gases, 
dust  and  smoke? 

9,  Is  your  drinking  water  from  a safe  source? 



10.  Does  your  school  understand  just  how  a 
school  drinking  water  supply  may  be- 
come infected  with  sewage? 

11.  Are  you  relatively  free  from  flies? 

12.  Are  vacant  lots  kept  clean? 

Diagnostic  Table 


Diagnostic  Table 


13 


DIAGNOSTIC  TABLE 


Signs  of  Disorders  and  their  Indications. 

(To  be  observed  by  teacher  or  parent.) 


SYMPTOMS. 
Mouth  breathing 
Prominent  u'pper  teeth 
Loud  breathing 
Nasal  voice 
Catarrh 
Running  nose 
Frequent  colds 
Sore  throat 
Offensive  breath 
Cough 

Blank  expression 
Slow  mentality 
Deafness 

Poor  physical  development 

Earache 

Discharge 

Inattention 

Poor  spelling 

Watching  of  lips 

Slow  progress 

Headache 


INDICATIONS. 


^ Disorders  of  Nose, 
Throat  and  Ear. 
(Chapter  I.) 


Sore  eyes  of  any  kind 
Styes 

Congested  eyes 
Crossed  eye 
Squinting 
Headache 

Peculiar  postures  when  reading 
Holding  book  too  near  face 
Poor  reading  or  spelling 
Dizziness 


Eye  Disorders  am? 
> Defects. 

• (Chapter  II.) 


l4 

Decay  of  teeth 
Disc  oloi  alioi) 

( rooked  teeth 
Prominent  teeth 
Offensive  breath 
Poor  articulation 
Broken  teeth 
Mal-iiutritioii 


Teeth  Defects. 
(Chapter  III.) 


I )iA(i\\osric 


Pallor 

Flushed  face 

Eruptions 

Scratching 

Sleepiness 

Lassitude 

Vomiting 

Headache 

Cough 

Running  nose 
Congested  eyes 


I 

I 


Contagious  Diseases 
(Chapter  IV.) 


Inability  to  hold  objects  well  j 

Spasmodic  movements 
Twitching  of  eyes,  face  or  any  part 
of  the  body 
Irritability 
Fits 

Bad  temper 
Fainting 
Nail  biting 

Undue  emotion  of  any  sort 

Frequent  requests  to  “go  out”  > 

Timidity 

Stammering 

C ruelty 

Perverted  tastes 
r.Toroseness 
Solitary  habits 
Undue  embarrassment 
TTndue  activity 
Misbehavior 
Sex  perversions 


Nervous  Disorders. 
(Chapter  V.) 


Diagnostic  Table 


15 


Pallor 

Emaciation 

Enlarged  glands  in  neck 
PufRness  of  face  or  eyes 
Shortness  of  breath 
Lassitude 

Perverted  tastes  (e.  g.  foods) 
Slow  mentality 
Peculiar  or  faulty  postures 
Under  development 
Excessive  fat 
Vicious  personal  habits 
Low  endurance  power 
Irritability 

Disinclination  to  play 
Fatigue. 


Nutritional  and  Gen- 
> feral  Disturbances. 
(Chapter  VI.) 


Walking  “pigeon  toed” 

A shuffling,  inelastic  walk 
Toeing  markedly  out 
Advancing  foot  by  exaggerated  knee 
action 

Long  axes  of  foot  and  leg  meet  at 
unusually  wide  angles 
Shifting  from  foot  to  foot 
Standing  on  outer  edge  of  feet 
Locking  knees 

Leaning  against  wall  or  desk 
Shoes  run  over  at  either  side 
Front  of  heel  worn  down 
Outer  and  back  part  of  heel  worn 
down 

Wearing  out  of  soles  asymetrically 

Congestion  of  the  feet 

Swelling,  pufflness 

Excessive  perspiration 

Callouses 

Twitching  of  the  foot  muscles 


*Defects  of  the  Feet 
(Chapter  VII.) 


Unequal  height  of  shoulders 

Standing  on  sides  of  feet 

Prominent  abdomen 

Flat  chest 

Curved  back 

Stooping 


Incorrect  Posture. 
(Chapter  VIII.) 


*The  teacher  should  remember  always  that  painful  “weak 
feet”  are  not  necessarily  flat  and  conversely  that  flat  pronated 
feet  may  not  be  painful. 

No  child  will  present  all  of  the  above  symptoms. 


